1. All Firearm Transfers Must Go Through an FFL Dealer

Since 2013, under Colorado Revised Statute § 18-12-112, nearly all firearm transfers between private individuals must be conducted through a licensed firearms dealer who will:

• Run a background check on the recipient

• Complete ATF Form 4473 and required records

• Hold the firearm until the check is approved
   

This law applies to:​

• Private gun sales

• Gifts or loans between individuals (with some exceptions)

• Online gun sales between Colorado residents

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2. Background Checks are Mandatory

Colorado uses the Colorado Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to conduct background checks on all firearm recipients, even for private transfers. The check is similar to the federal NICS system but operates at the state level.

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Most background checks are approved within minutes, but delays are possible. A transfer cannot be completed until the background check is approved or three full business days have passed.

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3. Some Transfers are Exempt

While most transfers must go through an FFL, Colorado law does allow a few narrow exceptions:

• Transfers between immediate family members (spouses, parents, children, siblings, grandparents, and grandchildren)

• Guns temporarily transferred at a shooting range

• Transfers during hunting or sporting activities

• Emergency self-defense situations

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4. Age & Residency Restrictions Apply

While most transfers must go through an FFL, Colorado law does allow a few narrow exceptions:

• Handgun transfers: Must be 21+ and a Colorado resident

• Long gun transfers: Must be 21+

• Buyers must pass a background check and must not be prohibited from owning firearms under state or federal law